While occasional tantrums are a normal part of development, frequent, prolonged, or unusually intense episodes may require closer attention (Wakschlag et al., 2012). Understanding why children have tantrums and how to respond appropriately can help parents support their emotional development and recognise when professional guidance may be beneficial (Leung & Fagan, 1991). Temper tantrums are a common part of childhood, particularly during the toddler and preschool years (Potegal & Davidson, 2003). From crying and screaming to refusing instructions or throwing objects, these emotional outbursts can be challenging for parents and caregivers to manage (Leung & Fagan, 1991)
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